What materials are used to construct airplanes?
(gliders, jumbo jets, private jets, military aircraft)

Metal, and Fiberglass / carbon for the glider?

aluminum,and soft but strong metals.

the earliest airplanes were wood & fabric.
old warplanes in ww1 & into early ww2 used welded steel tubing for the fuselage & fabric like cloth or canvas to cover. wings were of wood construction w/ fabric covering. as ww2 played out more modern materials became normal, all aluminum & magnesium framing & skin.
after the war into the 1950s titanium was used for high speed mach 3+ aircraft like the SR-71 & X-15 as it could withstand the high temperatures induced by friction of the air. modern aircraft, military & others r mostly constructed the same way with composite material like plastics & carbon fiber. quite a few modern light aircraft r constructed using the old way of steel or aluminum tubing, a good example of this would be a Zenith STOL

The majority r made of shaped & riveted or bonded sheet metal & metal structural shapes. The predominant metal is aluminum. All jet airplanes r made this way except for a few made from composite materials. All advanced & high performance light aircraft r also made of metal shapes. Almost all also include some plastics for special shapes & interior components.

They also include some steel shapes, especially in engines, landing gear, & other parts where great strength is needed.

Some airplanes r made of wood and/or metal tubing & other shapes covered with strong, impervious fabric for streamlining. This applies mostly to classic designs including biplanes & older light airplanes including the Piper J-3 & similar types. A few designs r made entirely of wood except for engines & other high-strength components.

For much more information, including lots of pictures & diagrams, try an internet search on ''aircraft structures'' & just on ''airplane.''

Aluminum is the main material. Steel and titanium is also used in high strength or high temp areas. Composite materials are being incorporated on new aircraft.
l had an article on the building of the F-22 Raptor. Alas, it is no longer here. Google to the rescue.
According to article below, only 20% by weight of the aircraft is made of aluminum and steel. 42% by weight is titanium. 24% by weight is composites.

Feathers

Easier to say, ALLOYS. Alloys are made for its weight and hardness so as its stability. Alloys are generally lighter, harder and more stable than normal metals but there are some other components such as fibre glass and etc.

Aircraft grade aluminum -starting to see a lot of carbon fiber applications going out now fiberglass titanium and steel

they are made out of
black holes that money and profit cannot escape.

jk

they are made of many materials including,

wood
fabric
plastic/composite
metal


I've even heard of a concrete glider

l think most are made of carbon fibre, if not, titanium or aluminium alloys. They are both light and strong.